NO. 1
19–25 OCTOBER
READING TIME
14 MIN
Saturday Insights
The week’s main story

Banks cite AI as they cut jobs, but barely ask for it when hiring finance leaders

Between 20 and 23 October, Barclays, American Express and NAB announced job cuts totalling up to 11,000 roles, and two of the three named AI among the reasons. We went through the senior vacancies banks have posted since July. AI is listed as a requirement in 2 of 419 finance vacancies and in none of 80 legal ones. Banks are hiring above all in technology and data, and in risk and compliance.

“…relate both to the simplification of the organization and to some of the impacts that we’re starting to see from AI”Anna Cross, CFO of Barclays, 22 October
“…leaner, more agile, and also to prepare for AI”Christophe Le Caillec, CFO of American Express, 23 October
“…deliberately made deeper changes to senior management positions which will broaden leadership responsibilities across the bank”Andrew Irvine, CEO of NAB, 20 October
Emphasis ours.

From the editor

Mike Torchinsky, editor

Founder of Torchinsky Executive Consulting and TOPHEADS. 25 years in executive search.

Hello!

This Saturday we are launching a new format, Saturday Insights. Once a week I will bring you the most interesting developments in the executive market: who is being hired and who is being let go, what people are paid, which laws are changing the rules of the game. I will ground it all in numbers. TOPHEADS continuously tracks director-level and more senior vacancies around the world, and since July it has logged more than 169,000 of them, so there is plenty to talk about.

Alongside the numbers, I will share what I hear in meetings with candidates and clients. Sometimes a single remark explains the market better than any chart, and this week’s is just below this letter.

The first issue leads with banks. Within a few days of each other, Barclays, American Express and NAB announced job cuts and started talking about artificial intelligence. We looked at what the same banks expect from the leaders they are hiring now, and the picture that emerged was unexpected.

This is the first issue, and I am sure not everything in it has worked out the way I would like. That is why your opinion matters so much to me: what you found interesting, what was missing, where you think I am wrong. Write to me on LinkedIn — I read everything.

Mike
Heard this week I advise every lawyer to spend at least a couple of years in compliance: it really sharpens your risk analysis. compliance director, Moscow
Main story

Banks are cutting jobs but still hiring senior people, above all in technology and risk

Barclays · 22 October~5,000roles in 2026, ~5% of staffAbout 60% of the cuts will fall on support functions, including developers. Roughly 1,000 people have already left.
American Express · 23 October~3,500roles, ~5% of staffLayers of management are going, and each manager will have more direct reports. The company has not made cuts like these in almost a decade.
NAB · 20 Octoberup to 2,500roles, ~6% of staffMostly corporate functions. Customer-facing roles will barely be touched, the bank says.

Who is affected. Above all the back office and middle management.

TOPHEADS dataYet banks have not stopped hiring senior people. Between 1 July and 25 October we counted 6,280 bank vacancies at director level and above. From 12 to 17 October, days before announcing its cuts, Barclays posted 19 new vacancies at VP level and above, including a Head of Engineering Platforms in London.

17.6%

of senior vacancies at banks are in risk and compliance. At other companies it is 4.8%, so banks look for these people 3.7 times as often.

26.4%

are in technology and data. At other companies, 17.8%.

Banks barely ask for AI in finance and legal roles

Share of senior vacancies that list AI among the requirements, 1 July to 25 October 2026. Small figures under each function: number of vacancies with parsed requirements at banks and at other companies

At banks, AI appears among the requirements in 2 of 419 senior finance vacancies and in none of 80 legal ones. At other companies, tech firms included, it does so in roughly one finance vacancy in 24. It looks as though AI at banks is, for now, the business of IT departments, risk management and a handful of individuals: in recent months Standard Chartered, OCBC, Citi and JPMorgan have been looking for heads of AI within their finance or legal functions. The rest of their finance and legal people are not yet expected to bring it.

What this means for a finance or legal leader. At a bank, AI experience counts as a plus for now and is rarely made a requirement. If you have already done something with AI, such as automating reporting or contract review, put it in the first lines of your CV, even if the vacancy does not ask for it. And companies that do expect this from a CFO or general counsel should say so plainly in the vacancy, or candidates will not realise it matters.

What we measure and what we don’t
What we measure
Vacancies at director level and above that we first saw between 1 July and 25 October 2026 on company websites and job aggregators. We calculate what share of banks’ vacancies falls to each function and how often AI is named in the requirements, and compare these with the same shares at other companies.
What we don’t
How many people banks actually hired or cut, internal appointments, or roles filled without being advertised. The job-cut figures come from the banks’ own statements. We do not read every vacancy by hand: a language model extracts the skills from the text, and it sometimes records AI as a skill when AI is merely the clients’ industry.
How I see it · Mike

Some companies today remind me of a Formula 1 team: they have found their form and have no need to grow any further. They take on new work without bloating the team, all the more so now that AI handles so much of it. Banks are heading the same way. Barclays, whose cuts include developers, was advertising for a head of engineering platforms a few days before the announcement, and American Express is removing layers of management. There are fewer people, and more is expected of each.

That makes it all the stranger that banks, while citing AI to explain the cuts, barely require it of the leaders who remain. My clients already do. Recently I was asked to add a question to my interviews on how candidates use AI in their work, and two candidates have already been put on hold or turned down, partly because they distrust AI. I agree with the client: AI is becoming the standard, and how ready someone is to work with it says a lot about them.

I think banks will get there too; the only question is when. I have placed my bet just below.

The other side

Barclays chief executive C. S. Venkatakrishnan called AI “the icing on the cake, not the cake”: the bank, he said, first has to build the infrastructure, or AI will bring no benefit. Barclays is spending more than £600m on that rebuild this year, roughly double the earlier estimate, according to Banking Dive.

Forecast · to be checked on 9 January 2027

My bet: after the cuts, banks will start requiring AI from their finance people too. For now that is a long way off: only one bank vacancy for a finance leader in more than four hundred genuinely asks for it (formally there are two, but in the second AI appears only as a sector the bank’s clients work in).

We will check on 9 January. We will take the vacancies that appear between 26 October and the end of the year, count them in the same way and reread every match by hand. If AI is required in more than two in every hundred finance vacancies, I win; if not, I will say plainly that I was wrong. And if fewer than 150 vacancies come in, we will wait until the end of January rather than draw conclusions from a handful of ads.

Sources: Banking Dive, 22.10 · The Independent, 23.10 · InDaily, 20.10 · AAP, 20.10 · TOPHEADS data: senior vacancies from 01.07 to 25.10.2026, banks 6,280, other companies 162,775; Barclays by posting date, 12–17.10.2026. Our method is explained at the end of the issue.

On TOPHEADSSkill Check: what the market expects from your role →

Money

What executives are paid when employers publish the pay range

Most of the published pay ranges in our data come from the United States: 4,412 in senior vacancies from June to September. We counted annual base salary only; bonuses and equity are not included.

Half of published C-level ranges in the US have a midpoint between $216k and $330k

Median midpoint of the published range, annual base salary, United States, vacancies from 7 June to 1 October 2026. Small figures: number of ranges and of companies

A job title on its own says little, and now that banks such as American Express are removing layers of management, it is an even less reliable guide. On the overall median, a Senior Director earns more than a VP and even an SVP. But within a single company it is usually the other way round: of the 80 companies with ranges for both titles, VPs are paid more at 66. It seems that companies which pay more publish Senior Director ranges more often. So compare the role itself and the scope of responsibility.

The top of a range is usually about a quarter above the bottom, so a range spans roughly 10% either side of its midpoint.

For Europe we have few published ranges so far: 90 in euros and 86 in pounds. From 1 November, employers in Greece must give candidates the pay range before the interview; more on that in the calendar below.

What we measure and what we don’t
What we measure
The midpoint of the range the employer itself stated in the vacancy: annual base salary, US, vacancies from company websites and job aggregators, 7 June to 1 October 2026. From aggregators, we have so far parsed ranges only for the second half of September.
What we don’t
Bonuses, equity, what the person hired was actually paid, and vacancies that give no range. A published range shows what a company is willing to say in public.

TOPHEADS data: ranges taken from the text of vacancies at director level and above, parsed as of 01.10.2026. Identical ranges from one company for one job title count once.

On TOPHEADSComp Check: a pay estimate for your role and city →

Contracts and the rules of the game

Non-compete clauses: what they mean from Dubai to Almaty

The bank cuts will put thousands of people on the market, and for many of them the first question in a new job will be the non-compete clause. On 9 October the UK government confirmed it would legislate to restrict non-compete clauses. The 28 October Budget added no detail: no maximum length, no salary threshold, no pay for the restricted period. It said the reform would apply across the whole economy. The government will first hold a public consultation on how such restrictions are used in general, then set out a detailed position in early 2027, before introducing a bill.

The cost of the current rules is clear from the case of Andrius Jankunas. A former partner at the hedge fund Rokos Capital, he spent almost two years out of the market because of such a clause. On 20 October it emerged that the market maker Optiver had hired him in London.

We used our employment-law database to check what such a clause means in eight jurisdictions, from Dubai to Almaty.

WhereIs the clause enforceableMaximum lengthMust the employer pay
UAEYes, if the job gave access to clients or trade secrets. Not if the employer dismissed the employee unlawfully2 yearsNot required by law
DIFCYes, if the court finds it reasonable, that is, no wider than needed to protect the businessNo statutory limit, usually 6–12 monthsNot required by law
United KingdomYes, if the court finds it reasonable. Legislation is promised, with details in early 2027No statutory limit, usually 6–12 monthsNot required by law
GermanyFor employees, only in writing and with compensation; without it the clause is void. For a GmbH managing director the law requires no compensation2 years for employeesEmployees: at least half of their last pay; GmbH directors: by agreement
CyprusAs a rule, no: the Contracts Law treats such a clause as void. Courts sometimes uphold narrow bans on poaching clientsNot setNot set
IsraelAs a rule, no. In court practice, a ban holds only if it protects a legitimate interest of the employer, such as trade secrets or special training, or if the employee is paid separately for the restrictionNot setNot set
GeorgiaYes6 monthsYes, at least the previous salary for the whole period
KazakhstanYes, through a separate non-compete agreementNo statutory limitBy agreement, not required by law

The same contract clause means very different things in different countries. In Georgia it is at most six months on full pay; in Germany an employee can be bound for up to two years and must be paid at least half their salary. In the UAE it is also up to two years, but the law does not require any pay, and in Cyprus the law, as a rule, does not recognise such a clause. Much also depends on which law the contract itself chooses.

If you are signing a contract with such a clause now, discuss three things with a lawyer: which law governs it, how long the restriction lasts and whether you are paid for it. And anyone hiring out of London funds should find out early when a candidate will be able to start. Add the notice period and garden leave, and it can come to as much as two years, as it did for Jankunas.

What we checked and what we didn’t
What we checked
What the law and, where they exist, court decisions say in eight jurisdictions. We checked against Head Terms database cards dated 5–7 October 2026 and the sources below. The latest on the UK is from the 28 October Budget.
What we didn’t
How often such restrictions are challenged in court and how those cases end, or what your own contract says. This is not legal advice.

TOPHEADS data: Head Terms employment-law database. Sources: Budget 2026, GOV.UK, 28.10 · Linklaters, 12.10 · HedgeWeek citing eFinancialCareers, 20.10 · Afik & Co, Israel

On TOPHEADSHead Terms: your contract reviewed against the law of 52 jurisdictions →

Law for senior executives

Six changes to employment and tax law by 1 January

OCTOBER · FRI30UNITED KINGDOMIN FORCEEmployers must take all reasonable steps to prevent sexual harassment and are liable for harassment by clients.
NOVEMBER · SUN1GREECEEmployers must give candidates the pay or pay range before the interview and may no longer ask about past pay.
NOVEMBER · THU5POLANDA new definition of workplace bullying. After paying compensation, the employer can recover part of it from the bully, in proportion to their fault.
DECEMBER · SAT19NEW YORKA sign-on bonus can be clawed back only if the employee resigned or was dismissed for misconduct, and only if the role was described to them honestly. On another reading of the law, the rule takes effect in February 2027.
JANUARY 2027 · FRI1UNITED KINGDOMEmployees can claim unfair dismissal after 6 months of service instead of 2 years, and compensation is no longer capped. What counts is the date the employment contract ends.
JANUARY 2027 · FRI1NETHERLANDSThe expat ruling: 27% of salary is tax-free instead of 30%. Those already on the ruling in 2023 keep 30%.
No fixed date, but fines have begun

If you are a director of a UK company, verify your identity with Companies House, the UK company register, even if you live in Dubai or Cyprus. Directors give their personal code in the company’s next annual confirmation statement; a person with significant control (PSC) who is not a director verifies within the first 14 days of their birth month. In September a court fined three directors in the first identity-verification prosecutions.

If you are negotiating your exit from a UK company, what matters is the date the employment contract ends. On garden leave the contract is still running, so that date can come after your last working day. If it falls on or after 1 January, the new rules apply: protection after 6 months and no cap on compensation. If it falls earlier, the old rules apply. Discuss this date with a lawyer.

Sources: business.gov.uk · GOV.UK, Companies House · GOV.UK, 17.09 · Paul Hastings (New York) · Poland, Dz.U. 2026 poz. 1046 · Greece, Law 5316/2026, via wherewework.gr · Covington · Rijksoverheid

Moves

Appointments of the week

Risk and compliance, which banks hire for more often than other companies, show up in this week’s appointments too. From January, subject to regulatory approval, Euroclear Bank will be run by the group’s current chief risk officer, and Crypto.com has put a Western Union and Paysafe alumnus in charge of compliance. Both crypto firms on the list, incidentally, hired from payments: besides Crypto.com, the market maker B2C2 made the founder of AZA Finance, formerly BitPesa, its chief operating officer to expand its payments and stablecoin business.

Finance and crypto

  • Euroclear Banksecurities settlement, Belgium
    CEO · Guillaume Elietcurrently Group Chief Risk Officer at Euroclear
    internalfrom 1 January 2027, subject to regulatory approval
  • Eurocleargroup
    CRO · Marie-Anne Haegemanmoves over from Euroclear Bank
    internalfrom 1 January 2027, subject to regulatory approval
  • Crypto.comcrypto exchange
    Head of compliance · Mohammed Mortajinepreviously at Western Union, ACI Worldwide and Paysafe
    start date not disclosed
  • B2C2crypto market maker
    COO · Elizabeth Rossiellofounder of AZA Finance, formerly BitPesa
    externalto expand its payments and stablecoin business
  • Other sectors Mattel (toys, US) hired Amgen’s former CFO, who started the day after the announcement. New CEOs were named at Nel ASA (hydrogen equipment, Norway; the new chief joins by 1 May 2027 at the latest), CSL (biotech, Australia) and LKQ (auto parts, US), and new CFOs at Iveco (trucks, Italy) and UPM (forestry and paper, Finland).

Sources: Euroclear · Finance Magnates · The Condia · CSL · LKQ, 8-K · Nel ASA · Mattel, 8-K · Borsa Italiana on Iveco · UPM

How the market works

Half of senior vacancies stay up for almost two months, and one in four is still open

56

days pass before half of senior vacancies are taken down from company websites. We counted all 687 roles: 515 have closed, while 172, one in four, were still open on 27 October, even though they first appeared in July or early August.

For candidates. The role you see today may already have been open for two months. So in a first conversation it is fair to ask why it has not been filled and what has changed in the requirements in the meantime.

For employers. If your role has been open for more than two months, it has already outlasted half of all senior vacancies. That is a reason to revisit the job description, the pay range or the search channels.

What we measure and what we don’t
What we measure
How many days a senior role stays up on the company’s website, from its first appearance until all its postings disappear. We use only company careers pages on four applicant tracking systems. We have been crawling them since June, usually every 3–7 days, so dates are accurate to within a week.
What we don’t
Whether someone was hired or the role was simply pulled. Aggregators are no use here: there, “closed” only means we have not seen the vacancy in their listings for a week.

TOPHEADS data: company careers pages on Greenhouse, Lever, Ashby and SmartRecruiters; roles at director level and above first seen between 1 July and 14 August 2026.

On TOPHEADSJob Scan: senior vacancies matched to your profile, 14 days free →

A rare seat

Wanted

The crypto exchange WhiteBIT needs a chief technology officer for its European entity in Austria. The CTO will be responsible for custody of crypto assets and keys, on-chain monitoring and the Travel Rule, and will lead their own team of engineers. Requirements: 10+ years in software or infrastructure, 5+ years heading a technology function, and experience with ISO 27001, SOC 2 or DORA, the EU’s Digital Operational Resilience Act for financial firms.

In my experience, people from large corporations often fail the selection process at companies that play by different rules, and those who do get through struggle to settle in, because the culture and procedures are just too different. That is what makes this seat rare: the standards here are those of a bank — ISO 27001, SOC 2, DORA — while the environment is anything but corporate.

The ad gives no salary figure; it only refers to the minimum under the sector’s collective agreement and promises to pay above it.

We are not running this search. We show it because it combines the two functions banks hire for most often, technology and risk. The vacancy on the company’s site

In brief

  • LondonThe UK regulator, the FCA, has been accepting licence applications from crypto firms since 30 September; the first application window runs until 28 February 2027. Firms can apply later, but the FCA then does not promise a decision before 25 October 2027, when the new rules take effect. Exchanges that want a UK licence will need compliance leaders and specialists. Davis Polk
  • IsraelStripe is building a team in Israel before its payment services have launched there: it has been hiring salespeople since August, and on 20 October Globes spotted a vacancy for a head of its Israeli business. According to our data, it had been taken down by 26 October; we do not know why. If you work in payments in Israel, this is a company worth watching. Finwire (Globes)
Question of the week

I have twenty years of experience across different industries and countries. Where do I start looking for my next role?

Start with a map; applications can wait.

Put everything that interests you on it — companies, people, countries — and colour it like a traffic light: green for what you like, yellow for “maybe”, red for a definite no. Mark the reds too, along with drawbacks such as relocating or a long commute.

Work at it a little at a time: no more than a couple of hours and a few ideas a day. In a month you will have about thirty. Then, around each point, people who can get you there will start to emerge: people you know, headhunters, those who can introduce you to the right person. There may be no vacancy there at all, and that is fine: for things like this you usually need a person rather than a vacancy.

And add a couple of lines to your CV about what you want to do next. Without them nobody will understand what role your twenty years add up to.

The question comes from one of this week’s consultations and is retold without a name. From the next issue, your questions will appear here too. You can send yours to me on LinkedIn; I do not publish names.

Quiz of the week
You can take it today; everyone else will see it on Sunday, 1 November

Why Didn’t You Get Promoted?

When companies remove layers of management, as American Express is doing now, there are fewer rungs to climb, which makes it all the more important to understand what exactly is holding you back. 20 questions, about 7 minutes. At the end you will see what is stalling your promotion: your results, next-level work, the people above you, or the fact that you never asked.

What’s new at TOPHEADS

Head Terms opens to all members; Job Scan adds vacancy comparison

  • 23 OctHead Terms is now available to everyone with a trial or a subscription. It reviews an employment contract against a verified database of laws in 52 jurisdictions and cites the specific provisions. On the trial you can ask 10 questions and review one contract. This is not legal advice. Open Head Terms
  • 25 OctIn Job Scan you can put two or three vacancies from your feed side by side and compare the company, location, working arrangement, published pay, responsibilities and requirements. You can add your own notes to each.
  • 26 OctA Comp Check estimate can now be shared as a link via WhatsApp, LinkedIn, Telegram or email. Open Comp Check
How we checked

Figures and quotes in this issue have been checked against their sources, which are linked under each story. TOPHEADS AI agents help gather and check the material: before publication, three independent agents recounted the figures, opened the sources and read the conclusions with a sceptic’s eye. I decide what goes to print. If you find a mistake, write to me and the correction will run in the next issue.

How we counted the TOPHEADS data
  • Vacancies: from company websites and job aggregators; director level and above as defined by the TOPHEADS 10,000 index, including VP grade, first seen between 1 July and 25 October 2026, after the relevance filter. One role = company + job title; where a vacancy has no company ID, by company name. Copies of one role in different cities count once. 169,055 roles in total.
  • Banks: identified by company name. Non-banks were removed by hand (for example the Barclays Center arena, food and blood banks), as were central banks and development banks, EBRD and EIB included. Other companies: everyone except banks, tech companies included.
  • Function: by the words in the job title. Roles with AI in the title itself fall under “Technology and data”. “Finance” includes treasury and some client-facing roles such as corporate finance. AI in the requirements: the skills a language model extracted from the vacancy text include AI, artificial intelligence, machine learning, generative AI, GenAI, LLM or agentic. A mere mention of AI in the company description does not count.
  • Pay ranges: annual base salary stated by the employer in the vacancy, North America, in US dollars, vacancies from 7 June to 1 October 2026; under 1% of the ranges are from Canada. Identical ranges from one company for one job title count once. Chiefs of staff and deputies are not counted as C-level.
  • Vacancy lifetime: 687 roles, only from careers pages we have been crawling since June, so that old vacancies are not mistaken for new ones. A role counts as closed when all its postings are closed. The median is taken over all roles: those still open have been up for at least 74 days.
  • Law: the Head Terms database, 52 jurisdictions, cards checked against statutes and, where available, court decisions.
  • Calculated on 28 October 2026; pay ranges as parsed on 1 October 2026.

TOPHEADS Saturday Insights · No. 1 · Saturday, 31 October 2026 · week of 19–25 October · Quote freely with a link to topheads.ai